Peter Paul Rubens and workshop

In 1618 Rubens offered Sir Dudley Carleton, the English ambassador in The Hague, a set of his paintings in exchange for Carleton's collection of ancient marbles. The list he sent is unusually frank. Some pictures he described as originals entirely by his own hand. Others, he wrote, had been begun by his pupils and then retouched all over by himself, and he valued them accordingly.

That middle category is what this credit describes. The design is Rubens's, and so are the passages he cared about most, while assistants in his Antwerp studio painted much of the rest before he went over it. Carleton wanted only the pictures Rubens had painted alone. He took some of those, along with tapestries, and the marbles went to Antwerp.

The Louvre uses this credit for a Cloelia crossing the Tiber, and the Mauritshuis in The Hague for two portraits of young women from the 1620s.